Walter Spurrier en su columna del domingo en El Universo, hace una reseña por más apropiada para entender el real significado y alcance de un buró político o también conocido como el Politburó.
“Alberto Acosta se hizo a un lado para permitir que Fernando Cordero asuma la Presidencia de la Asamblea, se explicó, no por pedido del presidente Correa, sino del bureau político. Entra un nuevo término al léxico político ecuatoriano.
Es un término cargado de significantes y de historia. Cabe preguntarse qué parte de esta abriga tanto atractivo para Alianza PAIS.
El concepto de bureau político, más precisamente politburó, se creó en la Unión Soviética. Solo ha existido en estados del “socialismo del siglo XX”. Lo utilizan aún China, Vietnam y Cuba.La doctrina tras el término es que un Estado debe estar bajo el control no del gobierno electo, sino del partido que constituye la vanguardia del proletariado. La legitimidad de ejercer el poder no se la logra en las urnas, sino que radica en la conciencia revolucionaria. La directiva del partido es colectiva, y toma cuerpo en el politburó. El máximo líder es el secretario general del partido. Las elecciones de los administradores del Estado no son más que simbólicas para refrendar la decisión del politburó.
Así, por ejemplo, cuando se inició el último liderazgo soviético de importante duración, en 1964, el politburó destituyó a Nikita Jrushchov. A los tres cargos más importantes accedieron sendos integrantes del politburó.
Como presidente, Nicolás Podgorny; pero su cargo era puramente ceremonial, como el de los reyes en la Europa parlamentaria.
Como primer ministro, y con ello jefe de Gobierno, fue Alexei Kosigyn; su tarea era administrar el gobierno según las indicaciones del partido.
A secretario general del Partido Comunista accedió Leonid Brézhnev, quien tuvo el poder real. Conservó el cargo hasta su fallecimiento en 1982. En 1977, Brézhnev sumó el de presidente para ser recibido con honores de jefe de Estado en los viajes a Occidente, donde un mero jefe de partido carece de importancia protocolaria.
Este concepto de politburó no se compagina con nuestro sistema presidencialista: no hay poder colectivo, como en principio, aunque no en la práctica, es el del politburó. En el presidencialismo el Presidente de la República es el único responsable de la administración. Es monarca con periodo fijo y controlado por el Congreso y cortes.
La salida de Acosta se presentó como una decisión colectiva, en la cual el Presidente habría tenido un solo voto, si bien el más importante. Con la implicación de que los otros integrantes del politburó son sus iguales en Alianza PAIS, aunque en el gobierno ocupen cargos subordinados.
Se concluye que la salida del Presidente de la Asamblea fue decidida por un cuerpo colegiado que dirige un partido y no el Jefe de Estado.
¿Significa esto que el politburó puede decidir quiénes van a los cargos del Gobierno? ¿Que el Presidente de la República le está subordinado? ¿Que si el Presidente pierde la mayoría en el politburó, debe someterse a sus instrucciones?
¿Que los mandantes del Presidente y los asambleístas son los integrantes del politburó, no el electorado?
El “poder ciudadano” que se busca institucionalizar, ¿no sería un intento de Alianza PAIS de conservar el poder, aun si se sufre un revés electoral?
Ya lo sabremos.
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